Which term refers to the angle of incidence being equal to the angle of reflection?

The term that refers to the angle of incidence being equal to the angle of reflection is reflection. This principle is a fundamental aspect of optics and is described by the law of reflection, which states that when a light ray strikes a reflective surface, the angle at which the incoming ray (the angle of incidence) meets the surface will equal the angle at which the outgoing ray (the angle of reflection) departs from the surface.

In contrast, refraction involves the bending of light as it passes from one medium to another, which typically happens under the influence of different densities. Diffraction pertains to the bending and spreading of waves around obstacles or through openings, resulting in interference patterns. Dispersion refers to the separation of light into its component colors, usually as a result of passing through a prism. Each of these processes plays a unique role in the behavior of light but does not relate to the equality of angles as described in the question.