What creates triboluminescence?

Triboluminescence is a phenomenon that occurs when certain materials, particularly certain types of crystals, are mechanically stressed, such as through scratching, rubbing, or breaking. When these crystals are subjected to friction or pressure, the internal bonds of the crystal lattice are disrupted, which can lead to the generation of electric charges. When these charges recombine, they emit light, which is observed as a flash or glow, especially in specific materials like sugar or quartz.

The process specifically involves the creation and movement of charge within the crystal structure, releasing energy in the form of visible light. This is distinct from other light-emitting processes such as heating, electrical discharge, or photoluminescence caused by UV light, which are not related to mechanical stress applied to materials.